


Even if it is not life threatening, getting out, breathing fresh air, and exposure to sunlight is important to your health, as getting out will give you a good dose of vitamin D.
There are many vitamins that we get from food, but vitamin D is absorbed by your skin by a mechanism known as photosynthesis reaction, which occurs when exposed to sunlight.
If you never go out, you will definitely suffer from a lack of this important nutrient, unless you add it as a supplement to your diet.
It is almost impossible to get the necessary amount of this vitamin through food only.
A few types of food contain vitamin D, and foods containing it contain a small amount of it.
Despite this, some people think that the vitamin D that we get from the nutritional supplements is not as good as the vitamin that is made with the presence of sunlight.
But why do we need vitamin D?
Vitamin D is essential for bone health, and it also protects against chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes.
Decreased vitamin D levels lead to poor bone health.
The presence of inappropriate amounts of this vitamin has also been linked to multiple sclerosis and prostate cancer.
In addition to getting nutrients, spending time in the sun is important to your overall health and improves your mood.
According to Life Noggin, sun exposure helps people with seasonal affective disorder.
And not only that, the sun adjusts nitric oxide in the blood and skin, which leads to lower blood pressure, which in turn helps reduce the risk of heart disease.
Although exposure to the sun has many benefits, exposure to it is highly harmful.
Aside from sun damage and the burns it causes, high exposure to natural light can harm the skin’s immune system.
Excessive sun exposure can also lead to injury to skin cell membranes, and increase the risk of skin cancer.
And according to (Life Noggin) magazine, UV rays can damage your skin in just 15 minutes, and here is the importance of wearing sunscreen, hats and sunglasses.
However, getting out is considered good for you as long as you don’t overdo it.
We are awaiting an epic war between our galaxy and the Andromeda Galaxy, which is heading towards us at a speed of 250,000 mph.
Astronomers predict that Earth will be besieged during the largest galactic event in its history. The two giant galaxies will collide with each other, after 3.7 billion years.
Experts believe that the Earth will – fortunately – survive the collision, although it will be affected.
The collision will appear directly in front of us, changing the shape of the sky at night to be different from anything a person has seen before.
Join our future journey to see how it will be:
Away from the city lights and on a clear night, this is how the earth looks like.
You can see – during certain times of the year – the Andromeda Galaxy – surrounded by a yellow ring at the bottom – next to the bright range of our Milky Way.
Andromeda now separates us from 2.5 million light-years away, and when they collide with our galaxy in less than 4 billion years, a catastrophe that will last for billions of years will befall them, tearing them apart to form a new galaxy.
And the creatures that live on Earth just before the collision will have a very beautiful view.
On the left, you see Andromeda as you approach the Milky Way driven by the forces of mutual attraction.
The two galaxies will be affected by the collision quickly, after only 250 years after the collision, only the ruins of what was once galaxies will remain.
but that is not all.
The battle will last billions of years until the two black holes in their core approach close together.
One billion years after the cosmic massacre, the night sky will be blazing at the glow of the new elliptical center of the galaxy – if the Earth were present then the sun would swallow it up a billion years from now.
Because galaxy fusion takes billions of years, astronomers comb the sky in search of different phases of epic battles.
Below is a photo was taken by the Hubble Telescope of two spiral galaxies in an early merger phase.
This is a different set of galaxies, one of which has been stretched and distorted by the attractiveness of the other galaxies.
Until the 1940s, one in every twenty children died before completing their first year of life. There was no effective treatment for tuberculosis and pneumonia, and a slight wound might lead to a gangrenous injury, and subsequently amputation. Antibiotics prevent the bacteria from dividing, slowing or eliminating them, which helps our immune cells get rid of the infection.
They eliminate deadly diseases, allow us to open the body during surgeries, and prevent cancer patients from infection. They enable us to raise animals and fish on an industrial scale, and their presence in cleaning products stops the spread of disease. But bacteria are fighting back. In 2016, 700,000 people died as a result of antibiotic-resistant infection, and by 2050, ten million people a year could be at risk. Like us, each individual bacterium differs slightly from others, so when a colony of bacteria encounters antibiotics, it complies with Darwin’s “survival of the fittest” saying. Some members of the colony do better than others, so they live longer and pass on their genes. This makes the next generation a little better in terms of resisting the effects of drugs.
The next generation also accumulates random mutations, which makes each one slightly different. Some of them become better in antibiotic resistance and the cycle recurs. These small improvements begin to accumulate, and we end up with bacteria that we cannot kill. We are in an arms race with those microorganisms whose molecules develop and disrupt antibiotics, disrupt them, or even flush them out of their cells. Moreover, thanks to diffraction in bacterial biology, when one species develops a method for drug resistance, it can donate its genetic code to another species and then transmit resistance. If our medications stop working, the treatable infection may become fatal again, the risk of infection may increase after surgery, and industrial implants may become impossible. We are in a race against time to find new ways to overcome it, a race that we cannot afford to lose.
Scientists divide ultraviolet radiation into three wavelengths based on its behavior. At the most active end, 100 to 290 nanometers, UVC rays have the shortest and most harmful wavelengths. Fortunately, it completely blocks the atmosphere before it reaches Earth. Between 290 and 320 nanometers are UVB rays, which cause skin tan, burn skin and cause cancer. The atmosphere gets rid of about 95% of it, and it cannot run out to our bodies, but the little amount that reaches us is enough to harm our bodies. Finally, between 320 to 400 nanometers are UVA rays, which pass through the atmosphere and penetrate the skin, damaging the structures supporting our cells. This leads to premature aging, cataracts, and sunburn. Blocking these rays can avoid the need for sunscreen, but this will not be positive.
Our bodies use UVA rays to make vitamin D, and many animals also rely on UV rays to survive. Butterflies use UV rays in their wings’ patterns to attract the worm, flowers use their petals to attract bees, and red salmon uses them to find food. In the Arctic, UV rays allow reindeer animals to discover wolves whose skin and urine appear black in snow. This is just the tip of the iceberg; research has shown that dozens of other species can see across the UV spectrum. If we get rid of UV rays, they will all be left in the dark.
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When Does the Coronavirus Vaccine Become Available |
Work has begun in multiple organizations, including the National Institute of Health, to develop a vaccine for the new strain of the Coronavirus, known to scientists as the 2019-nCoV.
Scientists started their work soon, but their vaccine development strategy will benefit from previous work on similar viruses such as SARS (acute respiratory distress syndrome), and MERS (respiratory Middle East syndrome), as well as advances in vaccine technology, such as acid vaccines Nucleic acid vaccines, are the DNA and RNA that make up the vaccine antigens in our bodies.
Not yet, but work is underway on viruses that have a strong association with this strain, viruses that have previously caused severe human disease: SARS and MERS.
Scientists did not pay attention to this particular strain previously, as no one knew of its existence and its ability to cause diseases in humans until this outbreak began.
Historically, work to build vaccines for corona viruses begins when the virus begins infecting humans. Bearing in mind that this is the third major outbreak of new coronavirus in the past two decades, with the severity of the disease caused by these viruses. The investment must be made in developing a vaccine that greatly protects against these viruses.
What does the work include? And when are we supposed to have the vaccine?
The work includes producing the right target antigens, which are the viral proteins that the immune system targets, followed by testing the vaccine on experimental animals to test their effectiveness and safety of use.
Once the vaccine is proven safe and effective, clinical trials can be performed in humans. If the vaccine produces the expected immune and preventive reaction and is found safe, then it can be widely produced to vaccinate as many people as possible.
We do not yet have isolated viruses (or virus samples) to test the effectiveness of the vaccine against. We also lack antibodies that will confirm the vaccine is ready for use. We need the virus to verify that the immune response to the vaccine is working as it should, and we also need to determine which animals we will test the vaccine for, which may include mice and primates.
It is expected that such outbreaks will occur shortly intermittently.
To try to prevent the spread of outbreaks and large epidemics, we need to improve the health oversight of people and animals around the world, as well as invest in risk assessment mechanisms that allow scientists to assess potential human health threats from recognized viruses.
A global movement is necessary to invest in new vaccine manufacturing methods, methods that can be quickly activated when a new virus appears, such as the current Coronavirus, and other viruses such as Zika, Ebola, and influenza.
Our current response to outbreaks is purely a reaction, that is, it begins after the outbreak has occurred, so we need a more effective method supported by ongoing funding.
Imagining the future of humankind, our planet, and everything dear to us in our corner of this dark and cold universe is usually the field of science fiction, and we usually worry about a few hundred years at best, but what about thousands and thousands of years? What will happen then? Thanks to the various scientific tools, it has become clear that some things in the distant future can be predicted with surprising accuracy.
Based on what we know about life, the universe, and everything, some scientific forecasts in areas such as astrophysics and evolution can reach hundreds of thousands of years in the future, and several timelines can be found fixed on Wikipedia, among which one is based a lot on science fiction and popular imagination, but let’s see What the science says will happen in the nearest distant future, about 10,000 years from now.
To begin with, it will then be that the eastern Antarctic, the largest continuous ice sheet, has completely disappeared, and models predict that if the Wilkes sub-basin collapses, then this huge ice mass will take 5,000 to 10,000 years to dissipate in The sea, raising its water level from three meters to four, and it is likely that there will be no human presence at all during this period to deal with the rise of sea water, according to an estimate made by the Australian theoretical physicist (Brandon Carter), which he called (Burhan Judgment Day) There is a 95% chance that the human race has died Me completely during 10,000 years, and this topic has received a lot of controversies, so we are not sure whether humans will survive for that time or not, but if they can survive there will be no regional genetic differences between them, and this does not mean that all people will be the same, but none The genetic differences between them (such as blue eyes versus brown ones) will spread evenly around the planet.
It is also expected that during the next 10,000 years the giant red star (Antares) will explode, transforming into a supernova super bright that will be visible during the day (in fact, the star Antares is expected to explode at any moment, so we hope that this will happen). Soon so we can see it in our sky instead of imagining it will happen at a time when our offspring are extinct.)
If we extend that time window to 13,000 years, the tilt of the Earth’s axis would be reversed, separating the seasons between the two hemispheres, which would be confusing to us if we lived.
But regardless of whether humans will survive until that time, Pioneer 10, 11, Voyager 1, and 2, and New Horizons space probes will continue to sail across the stars, not for thousands, but millions of years.
If we looked farther into the future, 296,000 years from now the Voyager 2 would surpass the brightest star in our sky (Sirius).
All of these expectations deal with the closest possible point of what we know in the distant future, yet we are already feeling dizzy.
Chinese officials said that the new Coronavirus, which infected nearly two thousand people, is transmitted from person to person during its incubation period, that is, before symptoms of the disease appear to those who carry the virus, making it more difficult to contain it.
Fifty-six people have died so far from the virus, which is becoming increasingly capable of spreading, according to the Chinese Minister of Health Ma Xiaoyu.
Several Chinese cities imposed strict travel restrictions, and Wuhan was completely closed – it is the main focus of the virus.
Officials vowed to intensify their efforts to contain the virus and announced that it would ban the sale of all wild animals in China from Sunday.
Initially, it was believed that the virus was born among animals, but it has spread rapidly since it was transmitted to humans.
Officials believe that the incubation period, during which a person carries the virus but without showing symptoms, is between one and 14 days.
A person may not know that he has the infection because symptoms do not appear, but he is still able to spread the disease.
A few infections have been reported in other countries: Japan, Taiwan, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam, Singapore, Australia, the United States, and France.
This is an important development in our understanding of the virus and the awareness of the time that China needs to stop its spread. Those infected with the deadly SARS virus that struck China, or the Ebola virus transmit the disease after its symptoms appear, so it is easy to reduce those epidemics by identifying and isolating the infected and monitoring all those who have contacted them.
As for flu, it is the most famous example of a virus spreading before a person knows he is sick with it.
However, we have not yet reached the stage where people say there is a global epidemic as was the case when the swine flu spread.
But stopping “disease spreaders with no symptoms” would be the most difficult task for the Chinese authorities.
There are still fundamental questions that need answers such as how able to spread the infection during the incubation period, and whether any patient outside China spread the disease to other countries before being diagnosed with the disease, and why did the Chinese National Health Committee say that the ability of this virus to transmit is getting stronger?
Scientists have warned that it may be impossible to contain the spread of the Coronavirus within China’s borders.
The London-based MRC Center for Infectious Diseases said that the transmission of the disease from human to human is the only reasonable explanation for the level of infection, estimating that each infected person can transmit the infection to at least two other people.
Scientists have praised China for its efforts to contain the virus but said there was a need to reduce its transmission rate by sixty percent in order to control it.
This came after Chinese President Xi Jinping warned of the “accelerating” spread of the virus and the country was facing a “dangerous situation” during a special government meeting coinciding with the Chinese New Year celebrations.
Health officials are struggling to contain the spread of the virus, while millions of Chinese travel to celebrate the Chinese New Year.
The authorities have taken preventive measures to prevent the spread of the disease and imposed travel restrictions on many cities affected by the virus.
The authorities decided to ban private cars from entering Wuhan, in the central region of China.
The government reported that a second emergency hospital would be built within weeks to treat 1,300 new patients, and it would be completed within two weeks.
This is the second hospital to be built to treat virus victims after work has already started on another 1,000-bed hospital.
The authorities also hired the army to deal with the situation, and specialized military medical teams moved to Hubei Province, where Wuhan is located.
These measures reflect a state of concern both inside and outside China about the spread of the virus, which first appeared in December.
The lunar New Year celebrations of the Mouse Year, which started on Saturday in many Chinese cities, were canceled.
Travelers across China were checking temperatures for signs of a fever, and train stations in many cities were closed.
The authorities in Hong Kong declared a state of extreme emergency and extended school holidays.